In the Middle Ages, hair and beard held significant importance in social life, not just as indicators of health and aesthetic values, but also through their folkloric and religious meanings. For instance, growing a beard was commonly seen as a symbol of masculinity among Muslims, and men without beards were often compared to women. Though the Qur'an mentions the beard in one instance, it became a topic of extensive discussion based on the practices of the Islamic Prophet and his companions, with Muslim scholars offering differing views for a long time. The color, shape, and length of hair and beard were associated with status, wisdom, and even sacredness. The description of the beards of important figures became a standardized part of Islamic historiography, and in some cases, like among the Kalenderî dervishes in medieval Turkey, beards were completely rejected and shaved off. Hair, beard, and eyelash plucking was also used as a form of punishment. Moreover, in the depiction of female beauty, hair played an important role as an expressive tool. The meanings attributed to hair and beard were reflected in the diverse methods proposed for their care. These included methods to prevent graying, dyeing white hair to darken it, lengthening, thickening, and preventing or treating hair loss through the use of plants, animals, and minerals.

This paper focuses on examining the meanings attributed to hair and beard specifically in medieval Turkey. By analyzing the meanings and societal perceptions associated with hair and beard, the human body’s hair covering will be compared within itself. Using works written in Turkish as primary sources, the study aims to contribute to understanding the human and societal context of medieval Turkey.