Miniature circular patch antenna design using defected ground structure based on complementary split-ring resonator for 5 G wireless cellular networks

UÇAR M. H. B., Kazdag A., ÇAKIR G.

WIRELESS NETWORKS, vol.31, no.5, pp.3825-3842, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 31 Issue: 5
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1007/s11276-025-03968-6
  • Journal Name: WIRELESS NETWORKS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, ABI/INFORM, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, zbMATH, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Page Numbers: pp.3825-3842
  • Keywords: Complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), Defected ground structure (DGS), Miniaturization, Mobile terminals, Wireless cellular networks
  • Kocaeli University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

In this paper, a new miniature size microstrip antenna design with defected ground structure (DGS) based on the complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) element is proposed for sub-6 GHz 5 G wireless cellular networks. The miniature antenna design is of dimensions 16 mm x 16 mm with an electrical size of 0.18 lambda(0) x 0.18 lambda(0) at 3.5 GHz. The proposed antenna design consists of a stepped microstrip line fed circular patch placed on a CSRR-DGS backed dielectric substrate (epsilon(r) = 2.2). Numerical analysis and measurement results of the proposed CSRR-DGS backed compact circular patch antenna are presented in the paper. By etching a CSRR into the ground plane, the resonant frequency is significantly lowered from 17.3 GHz to 3.5 GHz, achieving a miniaturization ratio of 5.7 and a physical size reduction of 83%. The CSRR-DGS also improves impedance matching and suppresses out-of-band radiation, enabling IS11I < -10 dB operation across a 6% bandwidth (3.37-3.58 GHz). The antenna is fabricated on an Arlon DiClad880 substrate and validated through simulations and measurements. Its compact form factor, sub-6 GHz compatibility, and favorable gain pattern make it highly suitable for integration into next-generation 5 G mobile terminals and IoT devices where physical space is limited.