Determination of optimum production and 3D printer application temperatures for hemp fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites

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Engin I. C., Çakıcı Alp N., Aytac A.

POLYMER COMPOSITES, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1002/pc.28769
  • Dergi Adı: POLYMER COMPOSITES
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: 3D printer materials, alkali-treated- hemp fiber, application temperatures, FDM, polycarbonate
  • Kocaeli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study delves into optimizing production parameters and 3D printing (3Dp) conditions for alkaline-treated 10% hemp fiber-reinforced polycarbonate (PC) composites. Initially, composite filaments were extruded at 250 degrees C (PCH250) and 230 degrees C (PCH230) to assess the impact of varying melt mixing temperatures on thermal behavior. Thermal characterization was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC analysis indicated consistent glass transition temperatures (Tg) across pure PC and the composites, while TGA revealed minimal thermal degradation in PCH230 compared to pure PC. Subsequently, to ascertain the optimal 3D printing temperature, specimens were printed at temperatures elevated by 10 degrees C relative to their melt mixing temperatures (PCH250/260 and PCH230/240), followed by mechanical evaluation via tensile testing. PCH230/240 exhibited superior mechanical properties, demonstrating a 12% increase in tensile strength and a 29% increase in Young's modulus compared to pure PC. Additional testing at 230 degrees C printing temperature (PCH230/230) demonstrated enhanced mechanical strength over PCH250/260 but inferior performance relative to PCH230/240, attributed to incomplete interlayer adhesion observed through SEM analysis. Consequently, the optimal composite melt mixing temperature was determined to be 230 degrees C, with an accompanying 3D printing temperature of 240 degrees C for optimal mechanical performance. Highlights 3D printable, 5% NaOH treated hemp fiber reinforced polycarbonate composite. Printing composite with 3D printing device at different temperatures 230 degrees C process temperature gives the best thermal properties. 240 degrees C 3Dp temperature provides the best mechanical and morphological properties.