Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, cilt.31, sa.9, ss.1-18, 2024 (SCI-Expanded)
Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 1 (RARRES1) participates in cell adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis during carcinogenesis beyond its putative tumor suppressor functions. The objective of this study was to perform extensive investigation of the expression level, diagnostic, prognostic and tumor immunity-related value of RARRES1 in pan-cancers. In line with these objectives, we systematically analyzed RARRES1 using public datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium) and various bioinformatic tools [Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal (UALCAN), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Tumor-Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB), SangerBox, LinkedOmics, Cancer Singlecell State Atlas (CancerSEA), CellMiner]. RARRES1 expression was frequently reduced in tumor tissues, and elevated levels were mainly linked to a worse prognosis, particularly in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. High diagnostic value for lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, brain lower grade glioma, and PAAD was obtained. Immune correlation analysis using TIMER revealed significant associations between RARRES1 expression and the abundance of various tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), with the strongest positive correlation observed with DCs. Additionally, RARRES1 was notably associated with immune subtypes, particularly M1 macrophages, as well as tumor microenvironment compositions and all checkpoint genes. RARRES1 involvement in essential immune and carcinogenesis signaling pathways was exhibited by Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and CancerSEA analyses. RARRES1 expression in various cancer types showed a significant correlation with the sensitivity of cancers to 11 drugs, four of which are Food and Drug Administration-approved; cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, midostaurin, tamoxifen, and idebenone. Given the potential involvement of RARRES1 in tumorigenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, tumor immunity, and its correlation with various drug sensitivities, it emerges as a promising biomarker candidate for anticancer research.