Green and efficient adsorption of crystal violet onto <i>Viscum album</i> L. biomass using taguchi optimization and process evaluation
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, cilt.16, sa.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 16 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1038/s41598-026-68379-9
- Dergi Adı: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Zoological Record, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Kocaeli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
For the first time, raw Viscum album L. biomass was systematically evaluated as a novel biosorbent for crystal violet (CV) removal, optimized using a Taguchi L25 orthogonal array. The highest experimental removal efficiency of 82.37% was obtained in the Taguchi experimental matrix at pH 10, 20 mg/L, 90 min, 0.075 g, and 318 K, whereas the Taguchi optimization based on the S/N ratio predicted the optimum operating conditions as pH 10, 20 mg/L, 30 min, 0.05 g, and 318 K, yielding a validated removal efficiency of 91.45% in the independent confirmation experiment. Statistical analysis revealed pH (41.24%) and dosage (34.57%) as the most influential operational factors. Equilibrium data were best described mathematically by the Redlich-Peterson model, suggesting heterogeneous characteristics, while a maximum theoretical monolayer capacity () of 92.79 mg/g was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm at 298 K. Kinetic data fit the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 >= 0.9998), although this kinetic model's fit does not confirm a specific adsorption mechanism. Low enthalpy values (Delta H degrees = - 18.50 kJ/mol) are suggestive of predominantly physisorption. Evaluating adsorption performance in real water matrices (tap and drinking water) highlighted its high practical relevance. Reusability studies indicated a moderate initial stability, which decreased to 38.77% removal efficiency after five consecutive cycles. Overall, combining raw V. album L. biomass with Taguchi optimization offers a low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable strategy with potential applicability to industrial wastewater treatment.