Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Ocean Engineering, cilt.316, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Ship-to-Ship (STS) operations are a significant method of cargo transfer in the maritime industry. These operations facilitate the transfer of various cargoes, such as crude oil, petroleum products, and liquefied gas, between two ships. When ships cannot dock at ports due to port congestion or draft restrictions, STS operations are also conducted in open sea. During STS operations, two ships, one being the discharging ship (SBL) and the other the receiving ship (SS), are positioned side by side. To proceed with the transfer procedure, the ships attempt to berth or moor in such a way that their manifolds are aligned. STS operations have stages of preparation-approach, mooring-unmooring, and cargo transfer, and can be conducted either stationary or underway, but the final choice depends on the port's physical factors and prevailing environmental conditions. These operations are carried out in accordance with guidelines or recommendations set by organizations such as International Maritime Organization (IMO), Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO), Chemical Distribution Institute (CDI), and International Chamber of Shipping (ICS). The purpose of this study is to identify the risks associated with STS operations conducted in ports and to analyze these risks using an integrated hybrid method. This study contributes to enhancing safety standards in the maritime industry by addressing critical issues such as safety, environmental factors, and crew safety in the context of STS operations. Anahtar kelimeler: Ports, STS Operations, Risk Analysis, FMEA, DEMATEL, VIKOR, ELECTRE.