Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES, cilt.47, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
In recent years, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for eco-friendly electrochemical nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation in nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR). MXene possesses high hydrophilicity, large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and numerous active sites, making it a suitable candidate for catalytic applications. These features support functionalization and enhancement methods, including the integration of co-catalysts and the formation of MXene-based composites and hybrids. Notably, MXene-metal composite catalysts have been reported to achieve Faradaic efficiencies exceeding 95%, underscoring their strong industrial potential for efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction. MXene-based nitrate reduction presents challenges related to scalability, stability, and industrial integration, as well as an unclear structure-activity relationship that affects catalytic performance. Improving selectivity, faradaic efficiency, and nitrate conversion rates remains crucial, while deeper insights into reaction mechanisms and active sites are needed for optimized performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the properties, synthesis methods, and applications of MXene-based materials in electrochemical nitrate reduction and nitrogen reduction reactions, focusing on their roles as catalysts. Additionally, current challenges and future directions for sustainable nitrogen-based fuel production are discussed in detail. This work aims to offer valuable insights into the strategic design of MXene catalyst for ENR and NRR. The review also examines the impact of MXene structure, including layer spacing, surface termination, and edge chemistry, on enhancing electrocatalytic efficiency. A particular emphasis is placed on the synthesis of 2D and 3D Mxene metal composite, as well as single-atom catalysts (SACs), which enhance performance by creating highly active and selective sites for ENR. These advances have improved conversion rates and selectivity for desired products, such as NH3 and N2. The review examines NO3- reduction, particularly ENR, using MXene catalysts, analyzing important reaction pathways, intermediates, and reaction rate parameters. Furthermore, the review also discusses how various experimental conditions, such as pH, applied potential, and nitrate concentration, influence the reaction rate and desired product distribution. The final section identifies the challenges and future directions for the ENR, particularly in scaling up the synthesis of MXene-based materials and achieving greater control over product selectivity for industrial applications. Improving the efficiency and selectivity of NO3 to clean nitrogenous fuel conversion will be critical for realizing the potential of MXenes in sustainable energy technologies.