Optimum Calcination Condition of Waste Stabilized Adobe for Alkali Activated High Volume Adobe-Slag Binder Cured at Room Temperature

Aldawoodi B., Sabri S., Wis A. A.

JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS, vol.10, no.5, pp.1269-1285, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 10 Issue: 5
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.32604/jrm.2022.017445
  • Journal Name: JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Page Numbers: pp.1269-1285
  • Keywords: Waste stabilized adobe, calcination, alkali activation, compressive strength, room temperature curing, FLY-ASH, STRENGTH PROPERTIES, POZZOLANIC ACTIVITY, CONCRETE, CLAYS, WORKABILITY, REACTIVITY, OPC
  • Kocaeli University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study aims to determine the most convenient calcination temperature and calcination duration of waste-stabilized Adobe (AB) to produce a new alkali-activated binder. Waste-stabilized Adobe mainly consists of soil, CaCO3 as a stabilizer, and straw (for strengthening). The availability of raw materials for making Adobe presents the waste-stabilized Adobe as a potential product for a new alkali-activated binder. Waste-stabilized Adobe collected from an abandoned damaged building in the village of Inonu in Northern Cyprus, ground and calcined at the following temperatures: 450, 550, 650, 750, 850, and 950 degrees C. The calcination at each temperature was held for different durations 1, 3, 5, and 7 h. Raw and calcined waste stabilized Adobe structures were investigated using XRF, TGA-DTA, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Considering technical and environmental views related to energy consumption, waste stabilized Adobe calcined at 750 degrees C for 1 h presented the most promising results regarding the production of a new precursor for alkali-activated binder. This study also presents the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) usage on the fresh and hardened properties of optimum calcined AB-based alkali-activated pastes cured at room temperature. GGBFS was used to partially replace AB to form a binary composite raw material system and seven experimental groups were designed according to replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (by mass). Alkali-activated high volume waste-stabilized Adobe-slag pastes prepared using Na2SiO3-to-NaOH ratio of 2 and 12 M concentration of Sodium Hydroxide. The fresh property as flowability and the hardened property as the compressive strength of the alkali-activated pastes with different GGBFS contents were investigated. The results indicated that the incorporation of GGBFS increased the flowability of fresh alkali-activated pastes. A 28-day compressive strength of 43.75 MPa can be obtained by a 30% replacement level of GGBFS.