The current paper deals with the effect of CO2 laser remelting on the surface structuring and oxidation performance of Inconel 718 superalloy, pointing out different laser-induced surface patterns that make a difference in their oxidation properties vital for high-temperature applications. Surface roughness, microstructure, and oxidation behavior characterization were performed using 3D optical profilometry, SEM, and XRD techniques. The oxidation tests conducted at 1000 °C for 24 h have revealed that remelted surfaces offered better oxidation resistance compared to untreated samples. Notably, the patterned sample showed the lowest weight gain under oxidation, and a parabolic regime in oxidation occurred after 100 min; while in an untreated reference sample, this appears only after 200 min. This improvement in performance results from the formation of a chromium-rich oxide layer on the melt pools, which acts as an effective barrier against further oxidation. The findings show that laser remelting, especially with grid-like surface patterns, results in an improvement in both durability and high-temperature performance of Inconel 718; therefore, it is apparently a very promising technique for lifespan extension of industrially relevant materials.