Noether symmetry in teleparallel Yang–Mills cosmology
International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1142/s0219887826502749
- Dergi Adı: International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, MathSciNet, zbMATH, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: dark energy, noether symmetry, Teleparallel gravity, Yang–Mills cosmology
- Kocaeli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this paper, we consider a vector dark energy model based on non-Abelian Yang–Mills theory in the framework of teleparallel gravity. In this framework, instead of the curvature of spacetime determining the gravitational dynamics, the torsion scalar T is used, and the total action consists of interactions with the scalar field ξ = gμνAμaA νa that determines the sizes of the three SU(2) vector fields Aμa that make up the “cosmic triad”. The choice of three vectors of equal size in the three perpendicular directions ensures that anisotropy does not appear in the FLRW field. The model is described by two arbitrary coupling functions f(ξ) and I(ξ) between the gravitational part and the Yang–Mills part, and a potential V (ξ). By writing a point-like Lagrangian for the cosmic scale variables a(t) and the effective variable ξ(t), the field equations and modified Friedmann equations are derived, and the energy density and effective pressure of this vector fluid are obtained as functions of a,ξ and their derivatives. To avoid ghost-like instability, the effective coupling F(ξ) = 12f(ξ) − I(ξ)ξ must always be positive. Also, to have H2 > 0, it is necessary that the Friedmann equation maintains the appropriate sign throughout cosmic evolution. We use the Noether symmetry method to obtain exact solutions, thereby determining the exact forms of the potential and coupling functions, as well as the exact time-dependent scale factor. Our main findings show that, when analyzing the exact solution for recent times, the model reproduces late-time cosmic acceleration. Furthermore, the model is compatible with observations. Specifically, we analyze the five-year sample of Dark Energy Survey Type Ia supernovae (DES-SN5YR) with 1635 supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements from eBOSS DR16, and CMB distance quantities from the 2018 Planck survey. We perform joint fitting using a total likelihood function sampled via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms in the Cobaya framework. Our results show that the teleparallel Yang–Mills model with Noether symmetry reproduces the universe’s expansion history, including late-time acceleration, and is consistent with observational data without requiring a purely cosmological constant.