Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Polymer Composites, cilt.1, sa.1, ss.1-19, 2026 (Hakemli Dergi)
Low-velocity impacts can cause extensive, often hidden damage in woven E-glass/epoxy laminates. This work characterizes 100 × 100 × 2 mm, 10-ply woven E-glass/epoxy plates subjected to 4–35 J drop-weight impacts (5 kg, 20 mm hemispherical tup) and validates a cost-effective Hashin-based finite-element model in ABAQUS/Explicit. Experiments recorded force–time and energy–time histories and quantified ply-by-ply damaged areas from optical images using ImageJ. The calibrated shell-element (SC8R) model with mesh convergence reproduced force and energy histories (absorbed energy within 3.5% of tests), realistic cross/diamond damage morphologies, and the quasi-linear growth of total damaged area (0.83 × 103 to 3.96 × 103 mm2 from 4 to 35 J). Simulations captured the transition from matrix cracking at low energy to delamination and fiber failure at higher energies. The validated shell-based Hashin framework offers a fast, reliable tool for impact-tolerance assessment and preliminary laminate sizing, reducing dependence on extensive drop-weight testing.