Triple-glazed windows with phase change materials and aerogel: Thermal performance across diverse climate zones

Yuan Z., Yang R., López Salazar S., Wang Y., Fu Q., Wang X., ...More

Energy, vol.330, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 330
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136636
  • Journal Name: Energy
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), CAB Abstracts, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, Environment Index, INSPEC, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Public Affairs Index, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: Building envelopes, Energy-efficient glazing, Numerical analysis, Optical properties, Thermal energy storage
  • Kocaeli University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study presents an advanced energy balance mathematical model for triple-glazed windows incorporating silica aerogel insulation material (SAIM) and phase change material (PCM), addressing limitations in traditional simulation and experimental methods for rapid and reliable results. Using a self-programmed approach, experimental validation, and numerical simulations, the study assesses the thermal characteristics and energy savings of six triple-glazed window configurations across five representative climate zones in China (Daqing, Changchun, Beijing, Hong Kong, and Haikou). Unlike previous studies, it employs a cross-scale, multi-physics coupling method to simulate photothermal conversion, energy consumption, and building orientation effects. The results show that triple-glazed windows with PCM and SAIM outperform traditional systems, offering superior thermal insulation and adaptability to dynamic climates. In cold climates such as Changchun, the Glazing-PCM-Glazing-SAIM-Glazing configuration demonstrated exceptional insulation performance, achieving the indoor surface at 24.7 °C, reducing heat loss to 785.6 kJ/m2·d, and saving 15.5 % of energy. In the tropical climate of Haikou, the Reflective Glazing-PCM-Glazing-SAIM-Glazing configuration minimized heat gain to 382 kJ/m2·d, maintained an indoor surface temperature of 25.6 °C, and achieved an impressive energy-saving rate of 74.8 %. Orientation also played a significant role in performance, with the north-facing orientation saving 11 % of energy, while the west-facing orientation experienced a 20 % energy loss.