A green molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for ultrasensitive determination of cefoperazone in complex environmental and biological samples
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL, cilt.229, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 229
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2026.119489
- Dergi Adı: MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Kocaeli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This research offered a novel approach for the development of a MIP-based electrochemical sensor aimed at enhancing the specific and sensitive detection of cefoperazone (CFP). In the construction of the proposed sensor, acrylamide was chosen as the functional monomer, and the polymerization process was executed through photopolymerization techniques. The electrochemical properties associated with each phase of the MIP preparation were validated through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, the morphological assessments of the fabricated sensor were executed via scanning electron microscopy and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The limits of detection and quantification for CFP analysis utilizing PP-MIP(CFP)/GCE in standard solution were determined to be 2.65 & times; 10-13 M and 8.84 & times; 10-13 M, respectively, with the use of the differential pulse voltammetry method. The recovery values observed were satisfactory, ranging between 98.2% and 102.6% across various samples, including pharmaceutical formulations, human serum, tap water, and soil. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability of the proposed methodology was assessed utilizing BAGI, AGREEprep, AGREE, and AGREEMIP metrics, which confirmed a strong adherence to the principles of green analytical chemistry. These findings illustrate that the MIP-based electrochemical sensors proposed offer a straightforward, sensitive, and eco-friendly platform for the determination of CFP in complex matrices. Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out to investigate template-monomer interactions and to identify the optimal template:monomer ratio for the MIP-based sensor. The computational analysis indicated that the complex with the 1:2 template to monomer ratio exhibited reasonable binding characteristics, in agreement with experimental observations.