Effect of Music on Pain, Embarrassment, and Urodynamic Outcomes During Urodynamic Testing: A Randomized Controlled Trial
INTERNATIONAL NEUROUROLOGY JOURNAL, cilt.30, sa.2, ss.118-126, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 30 Sayı: 2
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.5213/inj.2550262.131
- Dergi Adı: INTERNATIONAL NEUROUROLOGY JOURNAL
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE, Directory of Open Access Journals, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.118-126
- Kocaeli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Purpose: This study investigated whether music affected pain, embarrassment, and urodynamic outcomes during invasive urodyhamic testing
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 94 patients were assigned to a music group (n = 49) or a control group (n = 45) Patients in the music group listened to slow-tempo classical instrumental music at 40-60 dB, whereas those in the control
group received standard care. The primary outcome was procedural pain, which was measured using a visual analogue scale at 3 stages: uroflowmetry, positioning on the examination table, and catheter insertion. Secondary outcomes included embar-rassment and objective urodynamic parameters. Nonparametric methods were used because of the data distribution.
Results: The music group reported lower pain during uroflowmetry (T1; P = 0.022 ) and positioning on the examination table (T2; [I = 0.041) although the absolute reductions were small. Pain did not differ significantly between groups during catheter insertion (T3). No significant between-group differences were found in embarrassment or urodynamic parameters (P > 0.05)
Conclusions: Music may modestly reduce pain during some stages of invasive urodynamic testing, but it did not affect em-barrassment or urodynamic outcomes. Because it is simple, safe, and low cost, music may be a useful supportive nursing inter-vention to improve patient comfort, although its clinical effect appears limited.