Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Küreselleşen Dünyada Ziraat , Orman ve Su Ürünleri, Alaeddin BOBAT, Editör, Duvar, İzmir, ss.101-121, 2023
Located in the Alpine-Himalayan Mountain belt, Turkey contains a lot of diversity in terms of natural stone reserves due to the distribution caused by its geological structure and is among the wealthy countries in this sense (Figure 1). Our country, which has a hidden potential of about 5.1 billion cubic meters of natural stone, visible, possible and possible, also has more demands and needs for mines due to developing technology, increasing population and diversifying demands.
Mining sector are one of the main inputs of both industrial and economic development. Mining as a sector provides input to many sub-sectors and negatively affects the social, cultural, economic and ecological values of natural environments both during research and operation and after the production stage (DAOAE, 2017). Mining activities enterprised by physical, chemical and sometimes biological processes mainly cause many damages. Damages such as deterioration of the original and aesthetic appearance of the land, sedimentation and erosion of the soil, disturbance of the underground and above-ground water balance, damage to agricultural, forest and recreation areas, causing dust problems, heavy metals causing air, soil and water pollution, road construction for kilometres and traffic caused by heavy transport vehicles, sound and image pollution and fragmentation of natural habitats (habitat loss) can be given as examples(Düzgün, 2009). For these reasons, mining activities are one of the sectors that should be evaluated with regional planning with approaches appropriate to the understanding of sustainability in the balance of protection/ use of natural, cultural and ecological environments.
Forests are one of the main areas affected by mining activities. Article 169 of
the constitution of Turkish Republic, and articles 16, 17, 18 and 115 of the Forest
Law No. 6831 regulate the use of forests for other purposes, and in addition, these
regulations are reinforced by regulations. The Mining Law No. 3213 also
prepares the ground for the non-purpose use of forests. As a result of the nonintended use of forests with legal regulations, vegetation is damaged and such
uses cause erosion, habitat loss, drainage degradation. In addition, the negative
impact of climate, relief, geological structure, water regime, topography and
landscape is on the agenda.
Although it is not possible to completely stop mining activities that make a
great contribution to the country's economy, it is necessary to implement ways
and methods that will minimize the effects of these activities on the forest and
environment as soon as possible.
In this study, the problems and questions encountered in the use of forest areas
for mining purposes are addressed and answers to these problems and questions
are sought with a holistic approach.