Research Information System
Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol.88, pp.98-106, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, SSCI, Scopus)
Purpose This study evaluated the effects of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Package (CBIP) on pain, fear, and anxiety in children undergoing port catheter needle insertion in pediatric oncology. Design and methods In a parallel-group randomized controlled trial conducted at a university hospital in Turkey (December 2024–August 2025), 48 children aged 6–12 years were stratified by age, sex, and prior fear of port access and randomized to CBIP ( n = 24) or control (n = 24). CBIP comprised preparation and information, pre-procedural distraction, verbal reassurance, parental education and participation, distraction during the procedure, and positive reinforcement. Outcomes were assessed pre/post using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WB-FACES), Children's Fear Scale (CFS), and Children's Anxiety Scale–State (CAS-S). Between-group differences, effect sizes, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Mean age was 9.31 years (SD = 2.03; range = 6–12). Groups were comparable at baseline ( p > 0.05). Post-procedure, CBIP showed lower pain (0.58 ± 0.77 vs. 2.29 ± 1.80), fear (0.45 ± 0.65 vs. 2.08 ± 1.76), and anxiety (0.37 ± 0.82 vs. 2.62 ± 2.16) than control (all p < 0.001). Mean differences (CBIP–Control) were − 1.71 (95% CI: −2.51 to −0.91) for pain, −1.63 (−2.40 to −0.86) for fear, and − 2.25 (−3.20 to −1.30) for anxiety, with large effect sizes (d = 1.23–1.40). Conclusions CBIP reduced pain, fear, and anxiety during port needle insertion and is a feasible, nurse-deliverable approach for routine pediatric oncology care.