The study focuses on the eastern Bithynian and the western Paphlagonian region, which started to turn into Pontus due to the partition of these lands by Nicomedes III Euergetes on the one hand, and Mithradates VI Euergetes on the other from 109/8 BC on.¹ The subject is framed as Bithynia et Paphlagonia in order to draw attention to the latter, whose name almost disappeared under Roman domination by the reorganisation of the region by Pompey² after the fall of Nicomedes IV in 74 BC and of Mithradates VI approximately ten years later.³ If we consider Hadrian’s actions within the scheme...