Kahraman P. N., Samatya Yılmaz S., Uzuner H., Orkan Ucar I., Aytac A.
POLYMERS, cilt.18, sa.20, ss.1-14, 2026 (Scopus)
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Yayın Türü:
Makale / Tam Makale
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Cilt numarası:
18
Sayı:
20
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Basım Tarihi:
2026
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Doi Numarası:
10.3390/polym18202479
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Dergi Adı:
POLYMERS
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Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler:
Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Scopus, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest), Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC
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Sayfa Sayıları:
ss.1-14
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Kocaeli Üniversitesi Adresli:
Evet
Özet
To effectively manage bacterial infections and support tissue regeneration, developing multifunctional, biocompatible, and stable wound coverings is critical. Here, bilayer nanofiber wound dressings were developed via electrospinning, comprising a ciprofloxacin-loaded (CIP) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer and a purple carrot extract-loaded (PCrt) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer, and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GLA). Compared to the PVA/CIP-PVP control, which exhibited restricted swelling (~2.65%) and limited CIP release (8.51%), incorporating hydrophilic PCrt (7% w/w) enhanced macroscopic swelling to 707.14% and provided diffusion-controlled antioxidant capacity (12.86% via DPPH). Kinetic modeling identified Quasi-Fickian diffusion, while the Peppas–Sahlin model mathematically proved that severe chain entanglement and hydrogen bonding locked the matrix (negative relaxation constant), suppressing proportional release efficiency to ~22.8%. Biologically, the PCrt-free control showed GLA-induced basal cytotoxicity (66.31% viability) and 0% antibacterial activity due to strict drug confinement. However, PCrt addition restored L929 fibroblast viability to safe levels (75–77%) via antioxidant phenolic protection. Crucially, PCrt incorporation effectively mobilized residual GLA and phenolic compounds, elevating bactericidal efficacy to 100% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Although these bilayer nanofibers show strong synergistic bactericidal effects, crosslinking strategies on the green concept should be developed to eliminate GLA-induced toxicity and ensure wound management in safe clinical conditions.