Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, cilt.162, sa.2, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
Verbascum bugulifolium is an endangered plant species whose native distribution range is limited to Northwestern Türkiye and Southeastern Bulgaria. The current study mainly focused on optimizing the culture medium since this species experiences chlorosis symptoms during in vitro culturing, elucidating the developmental effects of polyamines on optimized culture medium in a concentration-dependent way, and revealing the effects of polyamines on the establishment of root cultures and their impact on the accumulation of root phenolics. The chlorosis symptoms were alleviated after the standard culture medium (MS) was enriched with potassium phosphate (MS + PP). MS + PP medium enriched with putrescine and spermidine treatments at 0.25 and 0.5 mg L−1 increased the germination rate, whereas all polyamine treatments induced shorter hypocotyls than MS + PP medium. Spermidine treatment at 0.125 mg L−1 resulted in higher leaf production. All polyamine treatments and MS + PP medium decreased root production compared to MS medium, whereas putrescine and spermine up to 0.5 mg L−1, and spermidine at 0.5 mg L−1 supported root elongation. MS + PP medium increased seedling vigor index alone or when enriched with polyamines at 0.5 mg L−1. Putrescine treatment at 80 mg L−1 triggered lateral root formation on adventitious roots directly formed from leaf explants, while the treatment at 20 mg L−1 elongated the roots. Contents of phenolic substances, flavonoids, and condensed tannins increased in the roots cultured on MS + PP medium, while inclusion of putrescine in the optimized medium decreased the contents of these biomolecules. The protocols reported here can be implemented for the species for conservation or pharmaceutical purposes.