Effect of thermo-mechanical treatments on the structural properties and tribological behavior of precipitation hardenable Cu-4Ti (wt%) alloy

Konieczny J., Labisz K., Atapek Ş. H., Fidan S., Bora M. Ö., Ürgün S.

TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, cilt.214, 2026 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 214
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.triboint.2025.111159
  • Dergi Adı: TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Kocaeli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Cu-4Ti alloy was solution annealed at 900 degrees C for 1 h and water-quenched followed by direct aging (variant I) or aging after 50 % cold rolling (variant II) at 450-600 degrees C for 1-420 min. Microstructure, hardness and wear properties were studied. Variant I yielded uniform beta'-Cu4Ti precipitates, reaching 240 HV after 120 min. at 500 degrees C and narrowing wear tracks to 540 mu m2 with 4 mu m penetration depths. Variant II attained 300 HV in 15 min, yet its dislocation-rich gradient microstructure promoted over-aging, beta-Cu3Ti coarsening and partial recrystallization, expanding grooves beyond 1 mm2 despite higher hardness. ANOVA confirmed temperature as dominant wear driver. Overall, variant I offers best hardness-wear compromise, whereas variant II provides only optimized short aging.