Research Information System
5th International Conference on Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications, eSmarTA 2025, Ibb, Yemen, 5 - 06 August 2025, (Full Text)
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a prominent, non-invasive brain stimulation technique with applications spanning cognitive enhancement and neurorehabilitation. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding tDCS mechanisms, from cellular-level effects to network-level reorganization, and evaluates its efficacy across cognitive and clinical domains. We examine fundamental principles, including polarity-dependent modulation of cortical excitability, protocol optimization, and safety considerations. Applications in working memory, executive function, language rehabilitation, and neuropsychiatric disorders are critically analyzed, highlighting both promising results and limitations. Emerging directions, including high-definition tDCS, personalized dosing, and multimodal interventions, are discussed. The review concludes with recommendations for standardizing protocols and addressing current challenges in reproducibility and individual variability.