VI. International Earthquake Symposium Kocaeli 2019, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 25 - 27 Eylül 2019, ss.268-274
Land subsidence is a hazard that can severely threaten human life and urban infrastructure. The increase of the construction and floor concentration in the endurable and high liquefaction potential alluvial fields over time is seen as one of the main factors that raise the possibility of ground deformation. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor surface and building deformations and to identify risk areas of such uncontrolled structured settlements in an active fault zone in order to develop early warning facilities, and prevent or reduce the loss of life and property. Despite the Marmara Earthquake, the population and settlement increased rapidly after year 2000 with the newly established organized industrial zones at Kocaeli. Hence, in the study, it is aimed to monitor the time dependent development of the building densities and investigate its relation with vertical displacements on spatial and temporal scale. Determination of change on building densities is obtained from Rapideye, and Spot optical satellite images that cover 20- year monitoring period. Buildings were detected by SVM (Support Vector Machine) methods prior to building density identification. InSAR techniques are employed for the investigation and observation of surface subsidence in the İzmit Bay regions. With the contribution of archived SAR images the monitoring period cover the last 4 years. Interferograms generated from Sentinel SAR images have been used to identify unstable ground segments and their kinematics. The results are important for the sustainable prevention plans against geohazards in future, developing countermeasures for the fast urban development, determination of the current situation of the building and ground deformation distribution around İzmit Bay, and in taking of engineering measures in risky areas.