Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma: Clinical Presentation and Therapeutic Options


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YÜKSEL N., YILMAZ TUĞAN B.

Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology, vol.53, no.4, pp.247-256, 2023 (ESCI) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Review
  • Volume: 53 Issue: 4
  • Publication Date: 2023
  • Doi Number: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2023.76300
  • Journal Name: Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology
  • Journal Indexes: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus
  • Page Numbers: pp.247-256
  • Keywords: Pseudoexfoliation, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome
  • Kocaeli University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) is one of the most common causes of open-angle glaucoma, with a higher risk of vision loss, a higher maximum and mean intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis, and a wider range of IOP fluctuation compared to primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients with this syndrome have a ten-fold higher risk of developing glaucoma than the normal population. A definite diagnosis can be made by the observation of pseudoexfoliation material (PEM) on the anterior lens surface, ciliary processes, zonules, and iris. PEM deposits on the zonules may explain the clinically observed zonular weakness and lens subluxation or dislocation. An increased incidence of cataract development is also associated with PES. There is growing evidence for systemic associations of PES with peripheral, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular system diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, hearing loss, and increased plasma homocysteine levels. Indications for surgery are markedly more common in patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma than primary open-angle glaucoma. The goal of this article is to review the latest perspectives on the clinical features, therapy, and systemic associations of this clinically and biologically challenging disease.