In the shadow of gender: A phenomenological study on the experiences of discrimination, violence, and professional challenges of female paramedics in Türkiye

Tosun S., SARIİPEK D. B., CEREV G.

Women's Studies International Forum, vol.112, 2025 (SSCI, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 112
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103165
  • Journal Name: Women's Studies International Forum
  • Journal Indexes: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, IBZ Online, International Bibliography of Social Sciences, Periodicals Index Online, American History and Life, Educational research abstracts (ERA), Gender Studies Database, Historical Abstracts, Index Islamicus, Political Science Complete, Psycinfo, Social services abstracts, Sociological abstracts, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts
  • Keywords: Female paramedic, Gender discrimination, Phenomenology
  • Kocaeli University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Although Turkish women demonstrate strong representation in the paramedic profession by defying traditional gender roles, they continue to encounter discrimination, violence, and numerous challenges in their professional lives. This study explores the professional experiences of female paramedics through the lens of gender inequality. Employing a qualitative research design with a descriptive phenomenological approach, the study adheres to COREQ standards for reporting qualitative research. Data were gathered from March to November 2024 through in-depth individual interviews, both face-to-face and online, using a semi-structured interview guide. A total of 23 Turkish female paramedics participated. Thematic analysis identified four key themes: gender discrimination, violence, professional challenges, and work-life balance. The findings underscore the pervasive discrimination and violence experienced by female paramedics, which adversely affects their personal and professional well-being. Additionally, the study highlights their resilience in navigating these obstacles, offering insights into the structural dynamics of gender inequality in healthcare and informing future policy development.