Investigation of Mechanical Properties in Layered Multi‐Material 3D Printing Using Commercial Filaments: Direct Stacking of ABS, PA, and Compatibilizing Layers

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Yılmaz S., Gül O., Çoban O.

Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, cilt.32, sa.2, ss.484-498, 2026 (Scopus)

Özet

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology has rapidly progressed in software and equipment, driven by increasing demand

across industries and households. However, the development of compatible and high-performance

materials has lagged, limiting

the mechanical integrity and design flexibility of printed components. To address this issue, this study investigates the

interfacial bonding behavior of multi-material

structures composed of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyamide

(PA), two polymers that are chemically incompatible. To enhance interfacial adhesion, three commonly used thermoplastic

filaments were employed as intermediate compatibilizing layers. Mechanical characterization was performed through tensile

and interlaminar shear strength tests to evaluate bonding performance. All compatibilizing layers improved adhesion

between ABS and PA, yielding up to 32% higher tensile strength and 43% higher interlaminar shear strength compared to

direct stacking. Fractographic observations confirmed these results by revealing distinct failure patterns and improved interfacial

continuity. Overall, the findings demonstrate a practical method for achieving strong adhesion between incompatible

polymers without surface treatments or adhesives, offering guidance for the design of hybrid structures and expanding the

potential of the technology.